VIBE: Vector Index Benchmark for Embeddings
Paper • 2505.17810 • Published • 1
Dataset Viewer
The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code: StreamingRowsError
Exception: ValueError
Message: Dataset 'train' has length 769382 but expected 1000
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
return get_rows(
dataset=dataset,
...<4 lines>...
column_names=column_names,
)
File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2840, in __iter__
for key, example in ex_iterable:
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2373, in __iter__
for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2398, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in iterator:
^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/hdf5/hdf5.py", line 76, in _generate_tables
num_rows = _check_dataset_lengths(h5, self.info.features)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/hdf5/hdf5.py", line 355, in _check_dataset_lengths
raise ValueError(f"Dataset '{path}' has length {dset.shape[0]} but expected {num_rows}")
ValueError: Dataset 'train' has length 769382 but expected 1000Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
This repository contains the datasets presented in VIBE: Vector Index Benchmark for Embeddings:
https://github.com/vector-index-bench/vibe
The datasets can be downloaded manually from this repository, but the benchmark framework also downloads them automatically.
Datasets
In-distribution datasets
| Name | Type | n | d | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| agnews-mxbai-1024-euclidean | Text | 769,382 | 1024 | euclidean |
| arxiv-nomic-768-normalized | Text | 1,344,643 | 768 | any |
| dpr-jina-768-normalized | Text | 20,969,760 | 768 | any |
| glove-200-cosine | Word | 1,192,514 | 200 | cosine |
| gooaq-distilroberta-768-normalized | Text | 1,475,024 | 768 | any |
| imagenet-clip-512-normalized | Image | 1,281,167 | 512 | any |
| inaturalist-resnet-2048-cosine | Image | 499,000 | 2048 | cosine |
| landmark-dino-768-cosine | Image | 760,757 | 768 | cosine |
| landmark-nomic-768-normalized | Image | 760,757 | 768 | any |
| msmarco-qwen-1024-normalized | Text | 8,840,823 | 1024 | any |
| yahoo-minilm-384-normalized | Text | 677,305 | 384 | any |
Out-of-distribution datasets
| Name | Type | n | d | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hotpotqa-harrier-640-normalized | Text | 5,233,329 | 640 | any |
| imagenet-align-640-normalized | Text-to-Image | 1,281,167 | 640 | any |
| laion-clip-512-normalized | Text-to-Image | 1,000,448 | 512 | any |
| yandex-200-cosine | Text-to-Image | 1,000,000 | 200 | cosine |
| cqadupstack-lemur-2048-ip | Multi-vector | 457,149 | 2048 | IP |
| cqadupstack-muvera-5120-ip | Multi-vector | 457,149 | 5120 | IP |
| yi-128-ip | Attention | 187,843 | 128 | IP |
| llama-128-ip | Attention | 256,921 | 128 | IP |
Deprecated datasets
Deprecated datasets will remain available, but their benchmark results will not be updated in the future.
| Name | Type | n | d | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ccnews-nomic-768-normalized | Text | 495,328 | 768 | any |
| celeba-resnet-2048-cosine | Image | 201,599 | 2048 | cosine |
| coco-nomic-768-normalized | Text-to-Image | 282,360 | 768 | any |
| codesearchnet-jina-768-cosine | Code | 1,374,067 | 768 | cosine |
| simplewiki-openai-3072-normalized | Text | 260,372 | 3072 | any |
Credit
The glove-200-cosine dataset uses embeddings from Glove (released under PDDL 1.0): https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/
The laion-clip-512-normalized dataset uses a subset of embeddings from LAION-400M (released under CC-BY 4.0): https://laion.ai/blog/laion-400-open-dataset/
The yandex-200-cosine dataset uses a subset of embeddings from Yandex Text2Image (released under CC-BY 4.0): https://big-ann-benchmarks.com/neurips23.html
Dataset structure
Each dataset is distributed as an HDF5 file.
The HDF5 files contain the following attributes:
- dimension: The dimensionality of the data.
- distance: The distance metric to use.
- point_type: The precision of the vectors, one of "float", "uint8", or "binary".
The HDF5 files contain the following HDF5 datasets:
- train: numpy array of size (n_corpus, dim) containing the embeddings used to build the vector index
- test: numpy array of size (n_test, dim) containing the test query embeddings
- neighbors: numpy array of size (n_test, 100) containing the IDs of the true 100 k-nn of each test query
- distances: numpy array of size (n_test, 100) containing the distances of the true 100 k-nn of each test query
- avg_distances: numpy array of size n_test containing the average distance from each test query to the corpus points
Additionally, the HDF5 files of OOD datasets contain the following HDF5 datasets:
- learn: numpy array of size (n_learn, dim) containing a larger sample from the query distribution
- learn_neighbors: numpy array of size (n_learn, 100) containing the true 100 k-nn (from the corpus) for each point in learn
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