ELDOR Data

• Public dataset name: ELDOR
• Paper: ELDOR: A Dataset and Benchmark for Illegal Gold Mining in the Amazon Rainforest
• PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.15397
• Local dataset root: GoldMDD/data
• Output folders: train/image, train/label, val/image, val/label, test/image, test/label (copied from GoldMining/Data/Orthomosaic and GoldMining/Data/Label).
• Source folders: Drone_Orthomosaic_V1/Orthomosaic_org and Drone_Orthomosaic_V1/Just_labels
• Matching rule: label to orthomosaic by filename mapping, then crop/reproject label to orthomosaic grid.
• Canonical labels: 14 semantic classes (1..14) plus 0=Background after class merging in ELDOR.
• Split rule in this dataset: train/val/test assignment is listed in the Split column of the spatial metadata table.

Citation

@article{cui2026eldor,
  title={ELDOR: A Dataset and Benchmark for Illegal Gold Mining in the Amazon Rainforest},
  author={Cui, Kangning and Bohara, Surendra and Prasai, Suraj and Shao, Zishan and Tang, Wei and Pillaca, Martin and Flores, Edwin and Yang, Zhen and Larsen, Gregory and Dethier, Evan and Lutz, David and Morel, Jean-Michel and Silman, Miles and Pauca, Victor and Yang, Fan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.15397},
  year={2026}
}

Spatial metadata table (source files + aligned output)

Site	Ortho file	Label source file	CRS	Ortho size (W x H px)	Label size (W x H px)	Ortho res (m/px x,y)	Label res (m/px x,y)	Ortho lon range	Ortho lat range	Label lon range	Label lat range	Output size (W x H px)	Foreground area (ha)	Acquisition date	Split
AcumulacionAaron2B	AcumulacionAaron2B_corrected.tif	AcumulacionAaron2B_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	38122x17643	38111x17760	0.056308, 0.056308	0.056323, 0.055936	[-70.419597, -70.399788]	[-12.627643, -12.618558]	[-70.419597, -70.399788]	[-12.627643, -12.618558]	38122x17643	212.0501	2022-04-24	train
Anel	Anel_corrected.tif	Anel_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	26909x24725	17662x17661	0.056620, 0.056620	0.058580, 0.059049	[-69.714044, -69.699976]	[-12.713767, -12.701071]	[-69.711529, -69.701974]	[-12.711964, -12.702509]	18274x18420	102.7175	2022-04-08	test
Clavelito	Clavelito_corrected.tif	Clavelito_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	19865x40307	19357x39684	0.075601, 0.075601	0.076376, 0.076781	[-70.605945, -70.591929]	[-12.961391, -12.933761]	[-70.605944, -70.592143]	[-12.961387, -12.933761]	19556x40304	344.5330	2022-05-09	val
ElEngano	ElEngano_corrected.tif	ElEngano_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	23616x24742	17473x17473	0.057233, 0.057233	0.057566, 0.058201	[-69.962478, -69.949966]	[-13.020161, -13.007312]	[-69.960769, -69.951459]	[-13.018407, -13.009178]	17575x17770	101.2404	2022-03-03	test
Kotsimba	Kotsimba_corrected.tif	Kotsimba_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	57331x53961	57227x53950	0.072760, 0.072760	0.072889, 0.072771	[-70.283655, -70.244998]	[-13.136635, -13.100951]	[-70.283654, -70.244999]	[-13.136634, -13.100952]	57328x53959	693.7270	2022-05-26	train
Linda	Linda2_corrected.tif	Linda_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	23601x23698	17352x17352	0.057632, 0.057632	0.059290, 0.059408	[-69.953378, -69.940789]	[-13.020082, -13.007688]	[-69.951874, -69.942353]	[-13.018530, -13.009175]	17852x17888	98.8187	2022-02-28	test
Los5Rebeldes	Los5Rebeldes_corrected.tif	Los5Rebeldes_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	43867x76279	33334x66668	0.030000, 0.030000	0.030140, 0.030001	[-70.672354, -70.660084]	[-13.034336, -13.013573]	[-70.670932, -70.661549]	[-13.032969, -13.014831]	33490x66672	199.9257	2022-02-04	train
Nayda	Nayda_corrected.tif	Nayda_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	22677x23480	17665x17665	0.056610, 0.056610	0.057532, 0.057385	[-69.721603, -69.709746]	[-12.713363, -12.701313]	[-69.720152, -69.710766]	[-12.711798, -12.702607]	17954x17908	101.9933	2022-08-04	val
Paolita	Paolita1_corrected.tif	Paolita1_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	58663x33523	54108x27055	0.055446, 0.055446	0.055275, 0.055441	[-69.630457, -69.600462]	[-12.689889, -12.673012]	[-69.629627, -69.602050]	[-12.688983, -12.675355]	53943x27054	445.5226	2022-02-21	test
PlayaMirador1	PlayaMirador_corrected.tif	PlayaMirador_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	22911x22394	17608x17608	0.056792, 0.056792	0.056840, 0.057298	[-70.377536, -70.365474]	[-13.063390, -13.051829]	[-70.376072, -70.366793]	[-13.062030, -13.057446]	17624x8883	50.1027	2022-03-10	train
PlayaMirador2	PlayaMirador_corrected.tif	PlayaMirador_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	22911x22394	17608x17608	0.056792, 0.056792	0.056840, 0.057298	[-70.377536, -70.365474]	[-13.063390, -13.051829]	[-70.376072, -70.366793]	[-13.057446, -13.052861]	17624x8883	50.1021	2022-03-10	val
SantaInesDosMil	SantaInesDosMil_corrected.tif	SantaInesDosMil_classified_corrected.tif	EPSG:32719	22883x24295	17185x17184	0.058193, 0.058193	0.058873, 0.058471	[-70.386657, -70.374307]	[-13.063436, -13.050589]	[-70.385274, -70.375895]	[-13.061789, -13.052656]	17387x17267	100.9625	2022-03-10	test

Unified class mapping (ELDOR merged classes)

Canonical ID	Class	Merged from original IDs	Color swatch	Color (HEX)	Area (ha)	Percentage (%)	Pixel count	Alias names seen in metadata
1	Building	1,4		#8A6A3D	2.3745	0.09	6,367,488	Area urbana; Campamento minero
2	Mining raft	2		#7BEBFB	0.1467	0.01	461,925	Balsa; Balsa de mineria; Raft
3	Primary Forest	3		#B04C18	961.8239	38.45	3,308,805,552	Bosque primario; Primary forest
4	Heavy machinery	5,8,9,19		#EE92C6	0.0161	0.00	43,313	Cargador frontal; Excavadora; Maquinaria pesada; Volquete; Dump truck
5	Water bodies	6		#4F6F6F	321.2655	12.84	1,085,789,506	Cuerpos de agua
6	Agricultural crop	7		#84D08C	33.5185	1.34	105,688,237	Cultivos agricolas; Cultivo agricola; Cultivos; Crops
7	Compact mounds	10		#23F3E3	66.2310	2.65	215,787,431	Monticulo compacto; Compact mound
8	Gravel mounds	11		#585400	13.2680	0.53	42,049,847	Monticulos de cascajo
9	Grass	12		#8DB51D	28.3472	1.13	87,888,718	Pasto
10	Type 1 natural regeneration	13		#C2163A	228.5563	9.14	660,993,175	Regeneracion natural tipo 1; Regeneracion tipo 1; Type 1 disturbed vegetation
11	Type 2 natural regeneration	14		#F77757	523.1002	20.91	1,710,062,485	Regeneracion natural tipo 2; Regeneracion tipo 2; Type 2 disturbed vegetation
12	Bare ground	15		#2CD874	322.9909	12.91	882,535,708	Suelo desnudo; Bare soil
13	Sluice	16		#613991	0.0403	0.00	126,368	Tolva; Tolvas; Hopper
14	Vehicles	17,18		#969AAE	0.0092	0.00	85,244	Vehiculos; Vehiculos pequenos; Vehiculos pequeños; Small Vehicles

Label color plan (6-digit HEX)

ID	Class	HEX
0	Background	#000000
1	Building	#8A6A3D
2	Mining raft	#7BEBFB
3	Primary Forest	#B04C18
4	Heavy machinery	#EE92C6
5	Water bodies	#4F6F6F
6	Agricultural crop	#84D08C
7	Compact mounds	#23F3E3
8	Gravel mounds	#585400
9	Grass	#8DB51D
10	Type 1 natural regeneration	#C2163A
11	Type 2 natural regeneration	#F77757
12	Bare ground	#2CD874
13	Sluice	#613991
14	Vehicles	#969AAE

Per-site classes using ELDOR merged mapping

Site	Split	Output ortho PNG	Output label PNG	Output size (W x H px)	Output total pixels	Merged class IDs present	Merged class names present
AcumulacionAaron2B	train	AcumulacionAaron2B.png	AcumulacionAaron2B.png	38122x17643	672,586,446	1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,11,12,13,14	Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Heavy machinery; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice; Vehicles
Kotsimba	train	Kotsimba.png	Kotsimba.png	57328x53959	3,093,361,552	1,3,5,6,7,10,11,12	Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Compact mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground
Los5Rebeldes	train	Los5Rebeldes.png	Los5Rebeldes.png	33490x66672	2,232,845,280	1,3,5,6,7,10,11,12,14	Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Compact mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Vehicles
PlayaMirador1	train	PlayaMirador1.png	PlayaMirador1.png	17624x8883	156,553,992	1,3,5,6,9,10,11,12	Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Grass; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground
Clavelito	val	Clavelito.png	Clavelito.png	19556x40304	788,185,024	1,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12	Building; Primary Forest; Heavy machinery; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Compact mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground
Nayda	val	Nayda.png	Nayda.png	17954x17908	321,520,232	1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11,12,13	Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice
PlayaMirador2	val	PlayaMirador2.png	PlayaMirador2.png	17624x8883	156,553,992	1,3,5,6,9,10,11,12	Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Grass; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground
Anel	test	Anel.png	Anel.png	18274x18420	336,607,080	1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11,12,13	Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice
ElEngano	test	ElEngano.png	ElEngano.png	17575x17770	312,307,750	3,5,6,10,11,12	Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground
Linda	test	Linda.png	Linda.png	17852x17888	319,336,576	1,2,3,5,10,11,12,13	Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice
Paolita	test	Paolita.png	Paolita.png	53943x27054	1,459,373,922	1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11,12,13	Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice
SantaInesDosMil	test	SantaInesDosMil.png	SantaInesDosMil.png	17387x17267	300,221,329	1,3,5,6,10,11,12	Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground

Generation workflow

• Source orthomosaic/label alignment and original canonical labels come from GoldMining/Data.
• ELDOR labels are remapped from the original 19-class canonical IDs into a 14-class merged scheme (stored only under GoldMDD/data/*/label).
• Merge rules:
  • Heavy machinery = original IDs 5 (Front loader), 8 (Excavator), 9 (Heavy machinery), 19 (Dump truck)
  • Vehicles = original IDs 17 (Vehicles), 18 (Small vehicles)
  • Building = original IDs 1 (Urban area), 4 (Mining camp)
• Heatmap output: GoldMDD/site_class_pixel_counts_heatmap_merged.png
• Heatmap CSV: GoldMDD/site_class_pixel_counts_merged.csv
• Train/val/test distribution plot: GoldMDD/train_val_test_class_distribution_merged.png
• Train/val/test distribution CSV: GoldMDD/train_val_test_class_distribution_merged.csv

Cropped patch dataset (data-cropped)

• Output root: GoldMDD/data-cropped
• Patch size: 512x512
• Stride: 256
• Filtering rule: drop a patch if background pixels in the merged label (label==0) are >80%.
• Windowing rule: full windows only (no padding).
• Patch naming: matching basenames per pair, e.g. image AcumulacionAaron2B_2_3.jpg and label AcumulacionAaron2B_2_3.png (1-based row/col indices).
• Storage format: image patches = JPEG, label patches = PNG (lossless class IDs).
• Folder structure: train/image, train/label, val/image, val/label, test/image, test/label.

Crop summary by split

Split	# Sites	Candidate windows	Kept patches	Dropped (>80% bg)	Kept ratio
train	4	91,869	65,798	26,071	0.716
val	3	18,603	15,988	2,615	0.859
test	5	40,172	40,095	77	0.998
Total	12	150,644	121,881	28,763	0.809

Crop summary by site

Split	Site	Source size (W x H)	Candidate windows	Kept patches	Dropped (>80% bg)	Kept ratio
train	AcumulacionAaron2B	38122x17643	9,849	9,849	0	1.000
train	Kotsimba	57328x53959	46,398	20,327	26,071	0.438
train	Los5Rebeldes	33490x66672	33,411	33,411	0	1.000
train	PlayaMirador1	17624x8883	2,211	2,211	0	1.000
val	Clavelito	19556x40304	11,700	9,085	2,615	0.776
val	Nayda	17954x17908	4,692	4,692	0	1.000
val	PlayaMirador2	17624x8883	2,211	2,211	0	1.000
test	Anel	18274x18420	4,900	4,890	10	0.998
test	ElEngano	17575x17770	4,556	4,556	0	1.000
test	Linda	17852x17888	4,624	4,577	47	0.990
test	Paolita	53943x27054	21,736	21,716	20	0.999
test	SantaInesDosMil	17387x17267	4,356	4,356	0	1.000

• Summary CSVs:
  • GoldMDD/data-cropped/crop_summary_by_split.csv
  • GoldMDD/data-cropped/crop_summary_by_site.csv