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TGF-Beta Downregulation of Distinct Chloride Channels in Cystic Fibrosis-Affected Epithelia.
RATIONALE: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Calcium-activated Chloride Conductance (CaCC) each play critical roles in maintaining normal hydration of epithelial surfaces including the airways and colon. TGF-beta is a genetic modifier of cystic fibrosis (CF), but how it influences the C...
Association between Blood Lipid Levels and Personality Traits in Young Korean Women.
Abnormal lipid levels are important etiological factors associated with the development of atherosclerosis and with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lipid levels are also influenced by lifestyle and behavioral factors, which suggests that personality traits might be related to abnormal lipid profiles. ...
Lytic phages obscure the cost of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.
The long-term persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria depends on their fitness relative to other genotypes in the absence of drugs. Outside the laboratory, viruses that parasitize bacteria (phages) are ubiquitous, but costs of antibiotic resistance are typically studied in phage-free experimental conditions. We us...
The Inner Foreskin of Healthy Males at Risk of HIV Infection Harbors Epithelial CD4+ CCR5+ Cells and Has Features of an Inflamed Epidermal Barrier.
Male circumcision provides partial protection against multiple sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. To examine potential vulnerabilities in foreskin epithelial structure, we used Wilcoxon paired tests adjusted using the false discovery rate method to compar...
Prostate Tumor-Derived Exosomes Down-Regulate NKG2D Expression on Natural Killer Cells and CD8+ T Cells: Mechanism of Immune Evasion.
Tumor-derived exosomes, which are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, have emerged as promoters of tumor immune evasion but their role in prostate cancer (PC) progression is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the ability of prostate tumor-derived exosomes to downregulate NKG2D exp...
Exploring the Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Tubule Communication Network through Electron Microscopy.
Abstract Cells use several mechanisms to transfer information to other cells. In this study, we describe micro/nanotubular connections and exosome-like tubule fragments in multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human arteries. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy allowed characterization of sinusoidal ...
Clinical Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Review.
Importance: Several management strategies may improve outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Objectives: To review evidence of management strategies for S aureus bacteremia to determine whether transesophageal echocardiography is necessary in all adult cases and what is the optimal antibiotic thera...
Survival and Long-term Outcomes Following Bioprosthetic vs Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients Aged 50 to 69 Years.
Importance: The choice between bioprosthetic and mechanical aortic valve replacement in younger patients is controversial because long-term survival and major morbidity are poorly characterized. Objective: To quantify survival and major morbidity in patients aged 50 to 69 years undergoing aortic valve replacement. Desi...
Acupuncture for Chronic Knee Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Importance: There is debate about benefits of acupuncture for knee pain. Objective: To determine the efficacy of laser and needle acupuncture for chronic knee pain. Design, Setting, and Participants: Zelen-design clinical trial (randomization occurred before informed consent), in Victoria, Australia (February 2010-Dece...
Effect of a Postdischarge Virtual Ward on Readmission or Death for High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Importance: Hospital readmissions are common and costly, and no single intervention or bundle of interventions has reliably reduced readmissions. Virtual wards, which use elements of hospital care in the community, have the potential to reduce readmissions, but have not yet been rigorously evaluated. Objective: To dete...
Riociguat as a treatment regime for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a review.
Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life-threatening condition distinguished by elevated pressure of pulmonary arteries and increased vascular resistance. The management of patients with PAH and CTEPH has advanced rapidly over last decade but des...
Effects of hormone therapy on blood pressure.
OBJECTIVE: Although hormone therapy remains the most efficacious option for the management of vasomotor symptoms of menopause, its effects on blood pressure remain unclear. This review scrutinizes evidence of the mechanisms of action of hormone therapy on signaling pathways affecting blood pressure and evidence from cl...
Human T follicular helper cells in primary immunodeficiencies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize our understanding of the biology of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and how insights into this are being provided by the study of human monogenic immunological diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Antibody production is a key feature of the vertebrate immune system. Antibodies neutralize and clear...
Multiple intestinal atresia with combined immune deficiency.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To update on the molecular and cellular basis of multiple intestinal atresia (MIA). RECENT FINDINGS: Mutations of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A gene have been identified in patients with MIA and other related disorders, including MIA associated with combined immunodeficiency and very early o...
Anesthesia Residents' Global (Departmental) Evaluation of Faculty Anesthesiologists' Supervision Can Be Less Than Their Average Evaluations of Individual Anesthesiologists.
BACKGROUND:: Faculty anesthesiologists' supervision of anesthesiology residents is required for both postgraduate medical education and billing compliance. Previously, using the de Oliveira Filho et al. supervision question set, De Oliveira et al. found that residents who reported mean department-wide supervision score...
Malignant Hyperthermia Deaths Related to Inadequate Temperature Monitoring, 2007-2012: A Report from The North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States.
BACKGROUND:: AMRA (adverse metabolic or muscular reaction to anesthesia) reports submitted to The North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States from 1987 to 2006 revealed a 2.7% cardiac arrest and a 1.4% death rate for 291 malignant hyperthermia (MH) event...
The Hepatic Expression of Vitamin D Receptor is Inversely Associated with the Severity of Liver Damage in Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Patients.
Background/aims: Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D serum levels have been associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients (G1CHC), and experimental evidence suggested a hepatoprotective role of vitamin D via interaction with hepatic vitamin D receptor (VDR). We assessed the hepatic expre...
In older men, higher plasma testosterone or dihydrotestosterone are independent predictors for reduced incidence of stroke but not myocardial infarction.
Context: Older men have lower testosterone (T) levels but whether differences in circulating T, or its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or estradiol (E2) contribute to cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that plasma T, DHT and E2 are differentially associated with inci...
Effect of Spinal Cord Compression on Local Vascular Blood Flow and Perfusion Capacity.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can induce prolonged spinal cord compression that may result in a reduction of local tissue perfusion, progressive ischemia, and potentially irreversible tissue necrosis. Due to the combination of risk factors and the varied presentation of symptoms, the appropriate method and time course for c...
High Local Diversity of Trypanosoma in a Common Bat Species, and Implications for the Biogeography and Taxonomy of the T. cruzi Clade.
The Trypanosoma cruzi clade is a group of parasites that comprises T. cruzi sensu lato and its closest relatives. Although several species have been confirmed phylogenetically to belong to this clade, it is uncertain how many more species can be expected to belong into this group. Here, we present the results of a surv...
SERPINE1 and SMA expression at the invasive front predict extracapsular spread and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Background:Extracapsular spread (ECS) in cervical lymph nodes is the single-most prognostic clinical variable in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but diagnosis is possible only after histopathological examination. A promising biomarker in the primary tumour, alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) has been shown to be high...
Excess of miRNA-378a-5p perturbs mitotic fidelity and correlates with breast cancer tumourigenesis in vivo.
Background:Optimal expression and proper function of key mitotic proteins facilitate control and repair processes that aim to prevent loss or gain of chromosomes, a hallmark of cancer. Altered expression of small regulatory microRNAs is associated with tumourigenesis and metastasis but the impact on mitotic signalling ...
A phase I trial of vertical inhibition of IGF signalling using cixutumumab, an anti-IGF-1R antibody, and selumetinib, an MEK 1/2 inhibitor, in advanced solid tumours.
Background:We completed a phase I clinical trial to test the safety and toxicity of combined treatment with cixutumumab (anti-IGF-1R antibody) and selumetinib (MEK 1/2 inhibitor).Methods:Patients with advanced solid tumours, refractory to standard therapy received selumetinib hydrogen sulphate capsules orally twice dai...
Selecting first-line bevacizumab-containing therapy for advanced breast cancer: TURANDOT risk factor analyses.
Background:The randomised phase III TURANDOT trial compared first-line bevacizumab-paclitaxel (BEV-PAC) vs bevacizumab-capecitabine (BEV-CAP) in HER2-negative locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC). The interim analysis revealed no difference in overall survival (OS; primary end point) between treatment ar...
The impact of low-grade toxicity in older people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Background:Significant toxicity in chemotherapy trials is usually defined as grade 3. In clinical practice, however, multiple lower grade toxicities are often considered meaningful. The purpose of this observational cohort study was to identify which level of toxicity triggers treatment modification and early discontin...
Efficacy of High Intensity Exercise on Disease Activity and Cardiovascular Risk in Active Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.
BACKGROUND: Physical therapy is recommended for the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and flexibility exercises have traditionally been the main focus. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are considered as a major health concern in axSpA and there is strong evidence that endurance and strength exercise protects ag...
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein pp65 Is Detected in All Intra- and Extra-Axial Brain Tumours Independent of the Tumour Type or Grade.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been indicated being a significant oncomodulator. Recent reports have suggested that an antiviral treatment alters the outcome of a glioblastoma. We analysed the performance of commercial HCMV-antibodies applying the immunohistochemical (IHC) methods on brain sample obtained from a subj...
Overexpression of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Protects against Brain Injury Induced by Chronic Hypoxia.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an isoform of SOD normally found both intra- and extra-cellularly and accounting for most SOD activity in blood vessels. Here we explored the role of EC-SOD in protecting against brain damage induced by chronic hypoxia. EC-SOD Transgenic mice, were exposed to hypoxia (FiO2...
Neutralization of Schwann Cell-Secreted VEGF Is Protective to In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy.
The pathogenetic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in long-term retinal and kidney complications of diabetes has been demonstrated. Conversely, little is known in diabetic neuropathy. We examined the modulation of VEGF pathway at mRNA and protein level on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and Schwann c...
Microsatellite Polymorphism in the Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Promoter and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Taiwanese.
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased oxidative stress. Emerging evidence suggests that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent antioxidant system against various oxidative stress-related diseases. The human HO-1 promoter has a GT-repeat length polymorphism that can determine the level of gene t...
The CXCL12 G801A Polymorphism Is Associated with Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND: CXCL12 is a small chemotactic cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family expressed in various organs. It contributes to the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of cancer cells. Recently, the CXCL12 G801A polymorphism was shown to be associated with an increased risk of various kinds of cancers, but the...
Diagnostic Value of a Rec-ELISA Using Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant SporoSAG, BAG1, and GRA1 Proteins in Murine Models Infected Orally with Tissue Cysts and Oocysts.
Toxoplasma gondii causes congenital toxoplasmosis in newborns resulting with fetal anomalies. Determining the initiation time of infection is very important for pregnant women and current serological assays have drawbacks in distinguishing the recently acute toxoplasmosis. Diagnosis of recently acute infection may be i...
Adjuvant Potential of Selegiline in Attenuating Organ Dysfunction in Septic Rats with Peritonitis.
Selegiline, an anti-Parkinson drug, has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. To explore the effect of selegiline on sepsis, we used a clinically relevant animal model of polymicrobial sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation was performed in male rats under anesthesia. Three hours after surgery, a...
Genotype Distribution, Viral Load and Clinical Characteristics of Infants with Postnatal or Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.
BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a leading cause of long-term sequelae. Cytomegalovirus is also frequently transmitted to preterm infants postnatally, but these infections are mostly asymptomatic. A correlation between cytomegalovirus genotypes and clinical manifestations has been reported previously...
Common Mental Disorder Symptoms among Patients with Malaria Attending Primary Care in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
BACKGROUND: Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) are frequent among patients attending primary care. In Africa, CMDs are often misdiagnosed as physical illnesses because many of the patients complain of somatic symptoms of mental distress. We explored whether there was difference in the levels of CMD symptoms between patient...
Favorable interleukin-8 induction in human gingival epithelial cells by the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.
BACKGROUND: LL-37, the only member of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin family in humans, exerts a variety of biological activities, especially immunomodulation through either direct chemotactic activity or up-regulation of several cytokines and chemokines in various cell types. In this study, we aimed to determin...
Cutaneous adverse reactions to calcium channel blockers.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that calcium channel blockers can cause cutaneous adverse reactions; however, the amounts of data collected are limited. Recently, there have been new drugs available for which only a few reports have been published with regard to cutaneous adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: The purpo...
Reduction of serum TARC levels in atopic dermatitis by topical anti-inflammatory treatments.
BACKGROUND: Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels are associated with the disease activity of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and sensitively reflect short-term changes in skin conditions. The main treatment for AD is topical agent application. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relatio...
Is fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) associated with asthma control in children?
INTRODUCTION: The most important way to achieve and maintain asthma control is to reduce airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels have been used as a marker of airway inflammation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between FeNO levels and the asthma control status in children. METHODS: T...
Decreased concentration of IL-35 in plasma of patients with asthma and COPD.
BACKGROUND: IL-35 has been found to be involved in many inflammatory diseases in humans but its role in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not clear. The plasma level of IL-35 in patients with asthma and COPD needs to be measured. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the plasma concen...
Smooth muscle progenitor cells involved in the development of airway remodeling in a murine model of asthma.
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms regulating airway remodeling changes remain poorly understood. Recently, a smooth muscle progenitor cell was identified in the peripheral circulatory system that plays an important role in the reconstruction of injured blood vessels. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report i...
Immunotherapy in food allergy: towards new strategies.
Allergen avoidance is the standard treatment for managing food allergies. Complete avoidance is difficult, and accidental exposure often occurs. Immunotherapy is a significant focus for treating food allergies, and oral immunotherapy (OIT) appears to be particularly effective in inducing desensitization. The majority o...
Effects of the calcium channel blockers Phalphabeta and omega-conotoxin MVIIA on capsaicin and acetic acid-induced visceral nociception in mice.
The effects of intrathecal administration of the toxins Phalpha1beta and omega-conotoxin MVIIA were investigated in visceral nociception induced by an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and an intracolonic application of capsaicin. The pretreatments for two hours with the toxins reduced the number of writhes or n...
Lipopolysaccharide Repeated Challenge Followed by Chronic Mild Stress Protocol Introduces a Combined Model of Depression in Rats: Reversibility by Imipramine and Pentoxifylline.
OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the hypothesis that combined exposure to repeated challenge using low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic mild stress (CMS) together This combined exposure is thought to expose the animals to more realistic challenges, testable on different levels (behavioral, neurochemi...
Clinical outcome after endoscopic resection for superficial pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma invading the subepithelial layer.
Background and study aims: The curability of endoscopic resection for superficial pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SPSCC) has not been fully elucidated, particularly for lesions invading the subepithelial layer, which carry the risk of metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curative potential of endos...
A novel lumen-apposing metal stent for endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: a prospective cohort study.
Background and study aims: A novel large-diameter, lumen-apposing, self-expanding metal stent with bilateral flanges was recently developed for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drainage of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this...
A new fully covered metal stent with anti-migration features for the treatment of malignant dysphagia.
Background and study aims: A new esophageal stent with two anti-migration features was developed to minimize migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this stent in patients with malignant dysphagia. Patients and methods: A total of 40 patients with dysphagia due to a malignan...
Clinical indications for computed tomographic colonography: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) Guideline.
This is an official guideline of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR). It addresses the clinical indications for the use of computed tomographic colonography (CTC). A targeted literature search was performed to evaluate th...
In Vivo Microstructural Analysis of Enamel in Permanent and Deciduous Teeth.
Abstract Confocal microscope was used to analyze human enamel from 10 deciduous and 10 permanent teeth. Optically sectioned images were obtained. A more intense autofluorescence was found in primary teeth. This finding might be due to the greater presence of organic substances in deciduous enamel. The mean prism diamet...
Establishing a Quantitative Benchmark for Morbidity in Pancreatoduodenectomy Using ACS-NSQIP, the Accordion Severity Grading System, and the Postoperative Morbidity Index.
OBJECTIVE:: The study aim was to quantify the burden of complications of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). BACKGROUND:: The Postoperative Morbidity Index (PMI) is a quantitative measure of the average burden of complications of a procedure. It is based on highly validated systems-ACS-NSQIP and the Modified Accordion Severity...