README: SEO/AEO English dataset card (TL;DR, FAQ, Pairing Index, keywords)

README.md

@@ -3,17 +3,25 @@ license: apache-2.0
 tags:
 - open-science
 - superconductivity
+- superconductor-discovery
 - strongly-correlated
 - materials-discovery
 - 2d-materials
+- twisted-bilayer
 - moire
 - hubbard-model
+- d-wave
+- machine-learning-for-materials
+- computational-materials-science
 - challenge
 - leaderboard
+- benchmark
 - cpu-friendly
 language:
 - en
-pretty_name: "OSC - Open Superconductor Challenge"
+pretty_name: "OSC — Open Superconductor Challenge"
+size_categories:
+- 1K<n<10K
 configs:
 - config_name: candidates
   data_files:
@@ -23,92 +31,160 @@ configs:
   data_files:
   - split: active
     path: active_challenge.csv
+- config_name: submissions
+  data_files:
+  - split: leaderboard
+    path: submissions.csv
 ---
 
 # OSC — Open Superconductor Challenge
 
-**Help find the next twisted-2D superconductor — from your own laptop.**
+**Screen thousands of 2D materials for unconventional (d-wave) superconductivity — from your own laptop — and climb an open, verified leaderboard.**
+
+🏆 **Leaderboard, live challenge & submission:** **https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/OSC-Leaderboard**
+
+---
+
+## TL;DR (the short answer)
+
+OSC is a free, open-science competition on Hugging Face to find the next candidate **twisted-2D superconductor**. We provide a computed **effective model** (`t`, `U`, `N(E_F)`) for each material; you estimate its **d-wave pairing tendency** with any method — a laptop CPU is enough — and submit a small file. Provisional scores appear instantly; the organizers' precise **strongly-correlated solver** verifies the top entries and sets the official rank. Prize pool **US $3,000 + co-authorship**. Season 1 closes **31 December 2026 (23:59 KST)**. Materials derive from **C2DB** (CC-BY 4.0). No installation and no GPU are required for the light track.
+
+- **What you get:** an effective Hubbard model per material — hopping `t`, interaction `U`, and the density of states at the Fermi level `N(E_F)`.
+- **What you do:** compute a d-wave (d<sub>x²−y²</sub>) pairing estimate and submit it.
+- **What we do:** verify the top submissions with a precise many-body reference solver.
+- **Who can join:** anyone — researchers, students, and AI coding agents.
+
+---
+
+## What is the Open Superconductor Challenge?
+
+The **Open Superconductor Challenge (OSC)** is a crowd-sourced materials-screening benchmark for **unconventional superconductivity** in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Discovering superconductors experimentally is slow and expensive, so OSC screens candidates *computationally, before the lab*: the community estimates a superconducting-pairing signal for thousands of materials, and a precise reference solver confirms the most promising ones.
 
-➡️ **Leaderboard & submit here:** https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/OSC-Leaderboard
+OSC targets **d-wave (d<sub>x²−y²</sub>) pairing tendency** — the pairing symmetry associated with cuprates, twisted bilayer graphene, and other strongly-correlated systems — using the doped **Hubbard model** as the effective description. It is hosted by **FINAL-Bench** as an open-science initiative and is designed to be reproducible, hard to game, and accessible without specialized hardware.
 
-OSC is an open-science competition to screen thousands of 2D-material candidates for
-**unconventional (d-wave) superconducting tendency**. We compute an effective model for each
-material; you estimate its pairing with your own method (a laptop CPU is enough) and submit;
-we confirm the top entries with a precise strongly-correlated reference solver.
+## Why OSC matters
 
-Everything a participant needs is open. Only the final verification engine stays on the
-organizers' side — this keeps the ranking fair and hard to game, not to withhold the science.
+- **Compute arbitrage:** the crowd screens broadly on laptops; the organizers spend heavy DFT and many-body compute only on the top candidates. This finds promising materials for a fraction of the usual cost.
+- **Open and fair:** the candidate list, protocol, and baseline tools are fully open (GPL/MIT); only the final verification engine is private, which keeps the ranking un-gameable without hiding the science.
+- **Reproducible science:** every material carries a provenance trail to C2DB, and winning methods are shared under a contributor license.
 
 ---
 
-## What's in this dataset
+## Dataset contents
 
-| File | What |
+| File | Description |
 |---|---|
-| `candidates.csv` | The full browsable universe (**4,832** dynamically-stable 2D materials, C2DB-derived) with our tags: family, cost class, is-metal, and a screening prior. |
-| `active_challenge.csv` | The **active set** (metallic / small-gap) with the provided **effective model**: `t`, `U`, `U/t`, and **`nef`** = N(E_F), the density of states at the Fermi level. |
-| `submissions.csv` | The baseline leaderboard rows (N(E_F) reference scores). |
-| `instrument/osc_instrument.py` | The participant tool — pure Python, no install. |
-| `instrument/pair_baseline.py` | An open d-wave pair-susceptibility routine to build on. |
-| `PROVENANCE.md` | Source & license (C2DB, CC-BY 4.0). |
+| `candidates.csv` | The full browsable universe — **4,832** dynamically-stable 2D materials (C2DB-derived) enriched with our tags: chemical family, cost class, is-metal, band gap, and a screening prior. |
+| `active_challenge.csv` | The **active competition set** (metallic / small-gap materials) with the provided **effective model**: `t` (eV), `U` (eV), `U/t`, and **`nef`** = N(E_F) (states/eV/atom). |
+| `submissions.csv` | The baseline leaderboard rows and verified anchor scores (the OSC Pairing Index). |
+| `instrument/osc_instrument.py` | The participant tool — pure Python, no install, runs in seconds on any laptop. |
+| `instrument/pair_baseline.py` | An open d-wave pair-susceptibility routine to build a competitive method on. |
+| `PROVENANCE.md` | Data source and license details (C2DB, CC-BY 4.0). |
 
-## The effective model (what you get per material)
+## The effective model (what you receive per material)
 
-For each active material we provide `t` (hopping, eV), `U` (interaction, eV), `U/t`, and
-**N(E_F)** (states/eV/atom). N(E_F) is the first-order BCS indicator (higher N(E_F) → stronger
-pairing); the leaderboard baseline is `N(E_F) × correlation-enhancement(U/t)`. Your job is to
-do better — compute an actual material-specific d-wave pairing estimate.
+For every active material OSC provides a downfolded **Hubbard effective model**:
+
+- **`t`** — nearest-neighbor hopping (eV), from the DFT band structure.
+- **`U`** — on-site Coulomb interaction (eV); the challenge fixes the strongly-correlated regime at **U/t = 8** (cuprate convention).
+- **`N(E_F)`** (`nef`) — density of states at the Fermi level (states/eV/atom), the first-order BCS indicator: higher N(E_F) → stronger pairing tendency.
+
+Your task is to do better than the first-order screen by computing an actual, **material-specific** d-wave pairing estimate.
+
+---
 
 ## How to participate (light track — any laptop, no install)
 
-1. **Sign in** with Hugging Face on the [leaderboard Space](https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/OSC-Leaderboard) (verifies your identity).
-2. **Get the instrument** (pure Python — Windows / Linux / macOS, nothing to install):
-   ```bash
-   huggingface-cli download FINAL-Bench/OSC-Superconductor \
-     instrument/osc_instrument.py instrument/pair_baseline.py \
-     --repo-type dataset --local-dir osc
-   cd osc/instrument
-   ```
-3. **Pick a material** from the Active Challenge tab and run:
-   ```bash
-   python osc_instrument.py --material_id OSC-00129 --author YOUR_NAME
-   # reads the material's (t, U, N(E_F)); prints a score on the leaderboard's scale
-   ```
-   To **compete (gold track)**, edit `estimate_pairing()` with your own many-body method
-   (exact diagonalization, VMC, DMRG, mean-field, ML) that improves on the first-order screen.
-4. **Submit** your score on the material's card in the Space (signed in), or open a PR adding
-   your `submission.json` under `submissions/`.
-
-An AI coding agent (Claude Code / Codex) can do all of this for you — point it at the challenge.
-
-## Tracks & prizes (total 3,000 USD)
+You do **not** need a GPU or any installation for the light track. An AI coding agent (Claude Code, Codex) can also do every step for you — just point it at this challenge.
+
+**1. Sign in** with Hugging Face on the [OSC Leaderboard Space](https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/OSC-Leaderboard) — this verifies your identity so entries can't be posted under someone else's handle.
+
+**2. Get the instrument** (pure Python — Windows / Linux / macOS, nothing to install):
+```bash
+huggingface-cli download FINAL-Bench/OSC-Superconductor \
+  instrument/osc_instrument.py instrument/pair_baseline.py \
+  --repo-type dataset --local-dir osc
+cd osc/instrument
+```
+
+**3. Pick a material and run:**
+```bash
+python osc_instrument.py --material_id OSC-00129 --author YOUR_NAME
+# reads the material's (t, U, N(E_F)); prints an OSC Pairing Index on the leaderboard's scale
+# -> writes submission.json
+```
+To **compete on the gold track**, edit `estimate_pairing()` with your own many-body method — exact diagonalization (ED), variational Monte Carlo (VMC), DMRG, mean-field, or machine learning — that improves on the first-order N(E_F) screen.
+
+**4. Submit your score.** Open the material's card in the **Active Challenge** tab of the Space and submit (you must be signed in), or open a Pull Request adding your `submission.json` under `submissions/` in this dataset. Your provisional score appears on the leaderboard immediately.
+
+---
+
+## Scoring: the OSC Pairing Index
+
+The leaderboard reports an **OSC Pairing Index**, a readable screening score:
+
+```
+Pairing Index = N(E_F) × A_ref × 10000
+```
+
+where **A_ref = 0.0503** is the reference d-wave pairing amplitude (the max-distance d-wave pair correlation P<sub>d</sub>) measured once by the organizers' precise 6×6 doped-Hubbard solver at U/t = 8. The ×10000 factor is a pure, monotone rescale for readability — it never changes any ranking.
+
+- **Baseline** — first-order N(E_F) screen; the bar to beat.
+- **Provisional** — your submitted estimate, on the same scale; appears instantly.
+- **Verified** — the organizers' precise strongly-correlated solver confirms the top entries under fixed, logged conditions and sets the official rank. Hidden validation set, rotated to prevent overfitting.
+
+**Honest interpretation:** a higher index means a stronger d-wave pairing *tendency* by our screen — i.e. a better candidate to investigate — **not** a guaranteed critical temperature (Tc) or a confirmed superconductor. Because A_ref is currently a fixed constant, the baseline ranking tracks N(E_F); the challenge exists precisely so that participants replace this flat amplitude with real, material-specific many-body calculations.
+
+## Tracks & prizes (total US $3,000)
 
 | Prize | Amount | Awarded to |
 |---|---|---|
-| **Grand** | 1,500 USD | highest **verified** d-wave tendency (any material) |
-| **Best Method (Gold)** | 1,000 USD | top **verified** score with an open-sourced method |
-| **Best Discovery (Open)** | 500 USD | best **verified** new material you propose |
+| **Grand** | $1,500 | highest **verified** d-wave tendency (any material) |
+| **Best Method (Gold)** | $1,000 | top **verified** score with an open-sourced method |
+| **Best Discovery (Open)** | $500 | best **verified** new material you propose |
 
-One cash prize per person (runner-up succeeds on overlap). Ranks 2–5 and all valid entrants:
-co-authorship, hall of fame, leaderboard credit.
+One cash prize per person (the runner-up succeeds on overlap). Ranks 2–5 and all valid entrants receive **co-authorship, hall-of-fame listing, and leaderboard credit**.
 
-## Scoring & fairness
+---
 
-- **Baseline** — N(E_F)-based first-order screen; the bar to beat.
-- **Provisional** — your submitted estimate, on the same scale; appears instantly.
-- **Verified** — the organizers' precise strongly-correlated solver, run on the top entries
-  under fixed, logged conditions; this sets the official rank. Hidden validation set, rotated.
-- Identity via HF sign-in; winners provide reproducible code (CLA).
+## Frequently asked questions
+
+### Do I need a GPU or to install anything?
+No. The light track is a single pure-Python script that runs in seconds on any laptop CPU — Windows, Linux, or macOS. A GPU only helps if you choose the advanced full-stack track.
+
+### What exactly am I predicting?
+A **d-wave (d<sub>x²−y²</sub>) superconducting pairing tendency** for a given 2D material, from its effective Hubbard model. This is a screening signal, not a measured critical temperature.
+
+### Does the #1 material mean the best superconductor?
+It means the strongest d-wave pairing *tendency by our first-order screen* — the top candidate to investigate. It is not a confirmed superconductor or the highest Tc.
+
+### How are winners verified?
+The organizers run a precise strongly-correlated (NQS/GFMC-class) solver on the top submissions under fixed, logged conditions. Verified entries sit above provisional ones and define the official rank.
+
+### Do I have to reveal my method or code?
+No — you submit only result numbers. Only prize winners share reproducible code, under a contributor license. The verification engine runs on our servers and is never distributed, which is what keeps the ranking un-gameable.
+
+### Where does the data come from?
+Materials derive from the **Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB)** under CC-BY 4.0. We add value (family tags, cost classes, effective models, screening priors) and cite the source in `PROVENANCE.md`.
+
+### When does the challenge close?
+**Season 1 closes 31 December 2026, 23:59 KST.** The leaderboard, instrument, and authenticated submission are live now, and the active set is being expanded.
+
+### Can an AI agent enter for me?
+Yes. Point an AI coding agent (Claude Code / Codex) at the challenge and it can download the instrument, compute a score, and submit on your behalf.
+
+---
+
+## Keywords
 
-## Honest scope
+superconductor discovery · unconventional superconductivity · d-wave pairing · 2D materials · twisted bilayer · moiré materials · strongly-correlated electrons · doped Hubbard model · density of states at the Fermi level · N(E_F) · computational materials science · machine learning for materials · open-science challenge · Hugging Face leaderboard · CPU-only benchmark · crowd-sourced materials screening.
 
-OSC ranks a **d-wave pairing *tendency*** — a screening signal, not a guaranteed critical
-temperature. Candidates are computational predictions (C2DB), not experimentally confirmed.
+## Citation & license
 
-## Status
+- **Baseline tools and protocol:** open source (GPL/MIT).
+- **Materials:** derived from C2DB under CC-BY 4.0 — see `PROVENANCE.md`.
+- **Verification engine:** operated by the organizers (FINAL-Bench), not distributed.
 
-**Season 1 is open — it closes on 31 December 2026 (23:59 KST).** The leaderboard, instrument,
-and authenticated submission are live; the active set is being expanded. Star/watch to follow.
+If OSC helps your work, please link the challenge Space (https://huggingface.co/spaces/FINAL-Bench/OSC-Leaderboard) and credit **FINAL-Bench — Open Superconductor Challenge**.
 
-*Hosted by FINAL-Bench as an open-science initiative. Baseline tools and protocol are open
-(GPL/MIT); materials derive from C2DB (CC-BY 4.0); the verification engine is operated by the organizers.*
+*Hosted by FINAL-Bench as an open-science initiative. Season 1 is open until 31 December 2026 (23:59 KST). Star and watch to follow the leaderboard.*