human
And a Chinese-Canadian scholar with others, have pointed out that a pay per foreign publication and promotion in the state university system, (see the Arxiv.org paper mentioned elsewhere) has driven a lot of the buying and self-citation and drive to published in the best, top science journals in China.  
Those found out have been severely chastized and punished in their career.
This is another reason that Chinese nationals don't want to return to China and such a corrupt system that they can not leave.
gpt
{"moderation": ["safe"]}