human
I was in the export business for many years and have visited most African countries.
In the course of business, it is often necesary to liaise with the customs and excise departments of these other African countries.

Under-invoicing of goods (to reduce duty liability), by-passing of borders, corruption of C & E staff and government politicians "capture" of these entities, effectively countering any checks and balances is very common, at great cost to the countries and their citizens.
Nigeria, Cameroon and Tanzania are particulary bad in my experieince.
gpt
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